Jordan is a Middle Eastern country located in the heart of the Arab world. Its history dates back to ancient times, with evidence of human settlement in the region as far back as the Palaeolithic era. Throughout its history, Jordan has been home to various civilizations, including the Canaanites, the Ammonites, the Edomites, and the Nabateans. The Nabatean kingdom, which was centred in the city of Petra, was particularly famous for its trade routes and advanced water system.
In the 7th century, Jordan came under Islamic rule with the arrival of Arab armies. The Umayyad Caliphate, based in Damascus, made Amman the regional capital, and Jordan became an important centre of Islamic civilization. The Ottomans took control of Jordan in the 16th century and ruled until the end of World War I.
After World War I, Jordan was part of the British Mandate of Palestine. In 1946, Jordan gained independence and became a kingdom under the leadership of King Abdullah I. In 1948, Jordan participated in the Arab-Israeli War and annexed the West Bank, which had been under British control. Jordan went through a period of political instability in the 1950s and 1960s, including several coups and the emergence of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) as a significant force. In 1967, Jordan participated in the Six-Day War and lost control of the West Bank to Israel.
In the 1970s and 1980s, Jordan worked to stabilise its economy and political system. King Hussein, who had come to power in 1952, played a key role in maintaining stability and promoting economic development. In the 1990s, Jordan signed a peace treaty with Israel, which helped to promote regional stability. The country has continued to modernise and develop, with a focus on education, technology, and tourism.
Today, Jordan is a constitutional monarchy with King Abdullah II as the head of state. The country is known for its rich history, including the ancient city of Petra and the biblical sites of the Jordan River and the Dead Sea. It also faces challenges related to economic development, political stability, and regional security.
Jordan’s Culture
Jordan has a rich and diverse culture that is shaped by its location at the crossroads of the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe. The country’s history, geography, and religion have all contributed to its unique culture. Religion is an important aspect of Jordanian culture, with Islam being the dominant religion. The country is home to many mosques, including the famous Al-Hussein Mosque in Amman, and the Islamic traditions and customs are reflected in daily life.
Jordanian cuisine is also a significant part of the country’s culture. The traditional dishes include Mansaf, a rice and lamb dish, and Maqluba, a layered rice and vegetable dish. Tea is the national beverage, and it is often served in small glasses with sugar cubes. The traditional clothing in Jordan is the Thobe, a long, loose-fitting robe worn by men, and the Hijab and Abaya, worn by women. The Jordanian folklore dance, Dabke, is also an important part of the country’s culture and is often performed at weddings and other celebrations.
Jordan has a rich tradition of arts and crafts, including pottery, weaving, and embroidery. The country’s handicrafts are often made by women in rural areas and are sold in local markets and souvenir shops. Music is also an essential part of Jordanian culture. The country has a vibrant music scene, with traditional Arabic music being the most popular. The Jordanian National Orchestra Association, established in 1985, has helped to promote classical music in the country.
Overall, Jordan’s culture is a blend of ancient and modern influences, and it reflects the country’s unique history and heritage. The Jordanian people are known for their hospitality and warmth, and visitors to the country can experience the culture firsthand through its food, music, and art.
Top Places to Visit in Jordan
Jordan is a beautiful and diverse country, offering a wide range of attractions and activities for visitors. Here are some of the top places to visit in Jordan:
Petra
Petra is undoubtedly the top attraction in Jordan, with its famous Treasury, Monastery, and other stunning architectural features carved into the rock. A visit to Petra is an unforgettable experience and a must-see for any traveller to Jordan.
Wadi Rum
Wadi Rum is a desert valley in southern Jordan that offers incredible views of the desert landscape, as well as opportunities for camel riding, rock climbing, and stargazing.
Dead Sea
The Dead Sea is the lowest point on earth and is known for its mineral-rich waters, which are said to have healing properties. Visitors can float in the sea and enjoy a spa treatment at one of the many resorts in the area.
Amman
Amman is the capital city of Jordan and offers a mix of modern and traditional attractions. Visitors can explore the ancient Citadel, the Roman Amphitheater, and the many museums and galleries in the city.
Aqaba
Aqaba is a coastal city in southern Jordan and a popular destination for diving and snorkelling in the Red Sea. Visitors can also explore the Aqaba Fort and the ancient city of Ayla.
Jerash
Jerash is an ancient Roman city in northern Jordan that is known for its well-preserved architecture. Visitors can explore the Roman Forum, the Temple of Artemis, and the many other ruins in the area.
Dana Biosphere Reserve
The Dana Biosphere Reserve is a nature reserve in southern Jordan that offers hiking and wildlife-watching opportunities. Visitors can stay in a traditional Bedouin village and explore the rugged landscape.
Travel Tips
Here are some travel tips to help you make the most of your visit to Jordan:
Visa and Entry Requirements
Depending on your nationality, you may need a visa to enter Jordan. You can check the visa requirements and apply online before you arrive in Jordan.
Best time to visit
The best time to visit Jordan is during the spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) months, when the weather is mild and comfortable. However, keep in mind that the peak season for tourists is from October to April.
Currency and Money Exchange
The currency in Jordan is the Jordanian Dinar (JOD). You can exchange your currency at banks and exchange offices in major cities like Amman or at the airport. Credit cards are accepted in most places, but it’s always a good idea to have some cash on hand for small transactions.
Transportation
Jordan has a good transportation network, including buses, taxis, and rental cars. However, traffic can be congested, so plan accordingly. In cities, taxis are cheap and readily available, but make sure to agree on a price before getting in. Renting a car is a great way to explore the country, but be aware of the driving conditions, as roads can be narrow and winding.
Language
Arabic is the official language in Jordan, but many people also speak English, especially in major cities and tourist areas.
Dress Code
Jordan is a conservative country, so it’s important to dress modestly, especially in religious sites. Women should cover their shoulders and avoid short skirts or shorts, and men should avoid wearing shorts.
Safety
Jordan is generally a safe country to visit, but like any country, it’s important to be aware of your surroundings and take precautions to avoid any potential risks. It’s always a good idea to stay in well-lit areas and avoid walking alone at night.
Food
Jordanian cuisine is flavorful and diverse, with influences from Mediterranean, Arabic, and Middle Eastern cuisine. Don’t miss the opportunity to try traditional dishes such as Mansaf, Falafel, Hummus, and Shawarma.
Respect Local Customs
Jordan is a conservative country and it’s important to respect local customs and traditions. Avoid public displays of affection, don’t drink alcohol in public, and remove your shoes when entering mosques and homes.
Jordan is a beautiful and fascinating country, with a rich history and culture. The country has a rich cultural heritage, stunning natural beauty, and a warm and welcoming people, making it a wonderful destination for any traveller.